High Mobility Group Protein B1 (HMGB1) Antibody

HMGB1 Antibody is a Rabbit Polyclonal antibody against HMGB1. High mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) belongs to a family of highly conserved proteins that contain HMG box domains (1,2). All three family members (HMGB1, HMGB2, and HMGB3) contain two HMG box domains and a C-terminal acidic domain. HMGB1 is a widely expressed and highly abundant protein (2). HMGB2 is widely expressed during embryonic development, but is restricted to lymphoid organs and testis in adult animals (3). HMGB3 is only expressed during embryogenesis (4). While expression varies, the biochemical properties of the different family members may be indistinguishable. The HMG box domains facilitate the binding of HMGB proteins to the minor groove of DNA, which results in local bending of the DNA double helix (1,2). HMGB proteins are recruited by and help facilitate the assembly of site-specific DNA binding proteins to their cognate binding sites in chromatin. For example, HMGB1 facilitates the binding of Hox proteins, Oct-1, p53, Rel proteins, and steroid hormone receptor proteins to their target gene promoters (1,2). In addition to their functions in the nucleus, HMGB proteins play a significant role in extracellular signaling associated with inflammation (5,6). HMGB1 is massively released into the extracellular environment during cell necrosis, but not apoptosis. Extracellular HMGB1 "alarms" the innate immune system by acting as a chemoattractant for inflammatory leukocytes, smooth muscle cells, and stem cells, functioning as an immune adjuvant for soluble and particulate antigens, and triggering activation of T cells and dendritic cells. In addition, activated monocytes, macrophages and, dendritic cells also secrete HMGB1, forming a positive feedback loop that results in the release of additional cytokines and neutrophils. Hypoxia has also been shown to cause the release of HMGB1 in the liver, and some studies suggest a role for extracellular HMGB1 in tumor homeostasis (5,6).

Target	High Mobility Group Protein B1 (HMGB1)
Clonality	Polyclonal
Reactivity	Human, Mouse, Rat
Tested Applications	WB, IHC
Host	Rabbit
Recommended dilutions	WB: 1/500 - 1/1000, IHC-P: 1/50 - 1/200. Not tested in IHC-F. Optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Conjugation	Unconjugated
Immunogen	Recombinant fusion protein containing a sequence corresponding to amino acids 69-168 of human HMGB1.
Isotype	IgG
Form	Liquid
Purification	Purified by affinity chromatography.
Storage	Aliquot and store at -20°C. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles.
UniProt Primary AC	P09429 (UniProt, ExPASy)
UniProt Secondary AC	A5D8W9, Q14321, Q5T7C3, Q6IBE1
UniProt Entry Name	HMGB1_HUMAN
Gene Symbol	HMGB1
GeneID	3146
NCBI Accession	NP_002119.1
KEGG	hsa:3146
String	9606.ENSP00000345347
Molecular Weight	Calculated MW: 25 kDa Observed MW: 29 kDa
Buffer	PBS, pH 7.3, containing 0.01% thimerosal, 50% glycerol.
Concentration	> 0.2 mg/ml
Availability	Shipped within 5-10 working days.
Note	This product is for research use only.

Research Articles on High Mobility Group Protein B1 (HMGB1)

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